Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the urinary tract in both men and women. These organs include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and prostate gland in men.

    Key areas of urology:

    • Kidney stones: Diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones.
    • Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Diagnosis and treatment of infections affecting the urinary tract.
    • Bladder cancer: Diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
    • Prostate cancer: Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
    • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Diagnosis and treatment of an enlarged prostate gland.
    • Erectile dysfunction: Diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction.
    • Infertility: Investigating and treating infertility in men.
    • Neurogenic bladder: Managing bladder problems caused by neurological conditions.
    • Voiding dysfunction: Treating problems with urination, such as incontinence or difficulty urinating.
    • Pediatric urology: Addressing urological conditions in children.

    Common urological procedures:

    • Cystoscopy: Examination of the bladder and urethra using a thin, lighted tube.
    • Kidney stone removal: Procedures like shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
    • Prostate surgery: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery or radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.
    • Ureteroscopy: Examination of the ureters using a thin, lighted tube.
    • Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG): Imaging test to evaluate bladder function.
    • Urodynamic testing: Evaluating bladder function and muscle activity.

    Urological conditions:

    • Kidney stones
    • Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
    • Bladder cancer
    • Prostate cancer
    • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
    • Erectile dysfunction
    • Infertility
    • Neurogenic bladder
    • Voiding dysfunction
    • Hydronephrosis: Swelling of the kidneys due to blockage.
    • Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys.
    • Urethral stricture: Narrowing of the urethra.

    Urologists play a crucial role in maintaining urinary tract health and treating a variety of urological conditions.

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